{"id":7745,"date":"2022-03-10T14:12:09","date_gmt":"2022-03-10T14:12:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hallmarq.net\/?p=7745"},"modified":"2025-09-09T12:06:07","modified_gmt":"2025-09-09T11:06:07","slug":"understanding-cervical-spondylomyelopathy-in-canine-patients","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hallmarq.net\/us\/2022\/03\/10\/understanding-cervical-spondylomyelopathy-in-canine-patients\/","title":{"rendered":"Understanding Cervical Spondylomyelopathy in Canine Patients"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Despite being one of the most prevalent spinal diseases among large and giant breeds, there\u2019s still a lot of confusion over cervical spondylomyelopathy (CSM). The uncertainty isn\u2019t helped by the disease being known by as many as fifteen different names!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Most commonly affecting Dobermans and Great Danes, cervical spondylomyelopathy causes spinal cord and nerve compression. It generally manifests as either disc-associated or osseous-associated CSM and is known to cause neck pain (among other clinical signs) in giant and large breed dogs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As part of our 2021 Summer Learning series, Hallmarq invited Dr. Ronaldo da Costa<\/a>, a leading expert on disc-associated cervical spondylomyelopathy, to demystify this extremely common yet often misunderstood spinal disease. Here\u2019s what you need to know.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How Can We Diagnose Cervical Spondylomyelopathy?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The number of affected dogs may be much larger than we realize. In 2006 Dr. Da Costa conducted a study of sixteen Dobermans. He found that 25% had spinal cord compression, 75% had disc degeneration and each of the subjects had some degree of disc protrusion, despite all the dogs presenting normally. Dr. da Costa performed the same study on Great Danes. Both studies are available for reference<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MRI <\/a>is the best modality for diagnosing cervical spondylomyelopathy, but the condition is still easy to overlook. The disease is most prevalent in the caudal cervical spine, most often affecting C5-C6 and C6-C7. However, it is good practice to image the entire cervical spine. If you only focus on imaging C5 to C7, you can miss severe compressions in other parts of the spine. Always include C1 to T2 to increase the chances of a correct diagnosis. Compression between T1 and T2 is most common in giant breed dogs but can happen in large breeds as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Extension Helps You See the Severity of Compression<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

You need to put your patients\u2019 necks in extension when imaging to observe the extent of cervical spondylomyelopathy. In dorsal recumbency (the standard position for spinal imaging), you won\u2019t be able to witness the level of compression in the spine and neck. After all, dorsal recumbency isn\u2019t a normal position for dogs, meaning the severity of compression won\u2019t be as visible. Instead, you need to position your patients in ways they would normally hold themselves so you can see the full impact of the disease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, cervical spondylomyelopathy often has a dynamic component. So it is useful to compare a neutral neck position with images of the neck when the patient\u2019s neck is in extension; this allows you to see multiple dynamic compressions. Quite simply, compressions that are extremely apparent when the patient is put in extension can be easy to miss in a neutral position.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avoiding Traction Myelography for Cervical Spondylomyelopathy Patients<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Traction myelography can be harmful to the patient and may result in post-myelographic seizures and temporary deterioration of neurologic status. This promotes a reluctance to recommend it even if it was an informative option. This is reinforced by the fact that kinematic extension provides better information than traction, while also being less risky. Dr. da Costa included traction in his research and discovered its drawbacks. The studies he conducted show that using traction to image and diagnose cervical spondylomyelopathy can result in extremely inconsistent results.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you do<\/em> use traction in your advanced imaging studies, take care not to use more than 20% of the patient\u2019s weight in traction. Anything above 25% becomes dangerous to the patient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We still have much to learn regarding cervical spondylomyelopathy, but Dr. da Costa\u2019s detail-rich research deepens our understanding. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

To learn more, watch the complete webinar<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

As part of our 2021 Summer Learning series, Hallmarq invited Dr. Ronaldo da Costa, a leading expert on disc-associated cervical spondylomyelopathy, to demystify this extremely common yet often misunderstood spinal disease. 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A professor of neurology at the University of Georgia until 2022, he now co-leads the teleneurology team at VetOracle. An Edinburgh University graduate, Simon went on to intern at the Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph and then completed a residency in Neurology and Neurosurgery at the University of Florida. As current Editor in Chief of the NAVC journal Today\u2019s Veterinary Practice, Simon has authored and co-authored numerous journal articles and book chapters in many leading neurological publications. He is also past- President of the ACVIM Neurology Specialty, Founder member of SEVEN (South Eastern Veterinary Neurology) in the USA and a fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons. In his free time, Simon enjoys travel, music, photography and seeking out new craft 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part of our 2021 Summer Learning series, Hallmarq invited Dr. Ronaldo da Costa, a leading expert on disc-associated cervical spondylomyelopathy, to demystify this extremely common yet often misunderstood spinal disease. Here\u2019s what you need to know.","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hallmarq.net\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7745","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hallmarq.net\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hallmarq.net\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hallmarq.net\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hallmarq.net\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7745"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/hallmarq.net\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7745\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16924,"href":"https:\/\/hallmarq.net\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7745\/revisions\/16924"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hallmarq.net\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14976"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hallmarq.net\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7745"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hallmarq.net\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7745"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}